Introduction SONET (synchronous eye tissue) - tutorial series fiber optic technology
| Added: 15-09-2007 Author: Colin Yao Category: Telecommunications |
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SONET is sometimes described as a T-1 on steroids. Why? As we know, the digital hierarchy (DS-0, DS-1, DS-2, DS-3 and above) was created to provide an effective multiplexed transport costs for voice and data traffic from one area to another network.
SONET (Synchronous Optical Networking, which is used in the United States) and SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, is used in Europe and other parts of the world) is equal to two protocols for the transfer of multiplexed digital bit stream using a laser or provided (light-emitting diode) the combination of the same fiber.
SONET and SDH designed to replace PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy) to eliminate the synchronization problems that PDH. SONET is synchronous, which means that each connection is a small amount and always late. For example, SONET or SDH can be used to allow several Internet Service Providers to share the same combination of fiber, without being influenced by each other's burden of traffic, and no time to borrow free capacity from each other.
SONET and SDH is considered as a physical layer protocol, since they offer permanent connections and do not involve packet mode communication. Integer only certain parts of 64kbits /'s is a small amount as possible.
SONET is true TDM (time division multiplexing) based and this makes it easy to support fixed-rate services such as telephones. Sync itself is designed to receive traffic on the fixed part of the basic rate (64kbit / s), without requiring or variable bit rate adaptation of things complex.
SONET data transmission format based on a 125us frame consisting of 810 octets, the overhead of data payload 36-774. Basic SONET signal, the electrical and optical versions referred to as STS-1 and OC-1, the flow, so the 51.84 Mb /'s data stream is ready to accommodate TDM channels in multiples of 8 kb / s.
SONET can be used to summarize the PDH and other digital transmission standards early. Also can be used directly to support one of the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) or Packet over SONET / SDH (POS) networks. So SONET / SDH is true for all general purpose freight containers to move all data and voice traffic. Not in their own communications protocols.
SONET brings with subsets of the benefits of the technology that makes standing on the competition. These include mid-span meet, improve operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (Noam & P), support for multipoint circuit configurations, non-intrusive monitoring facilities, and the ability to deploy new services.
P & increased Noam is one of the important role that brings to the field SONET network. Element and network monitoring, management and maintenance and has always been something that caught-as-catch-can effort because of the complexity and diversity of elements in the typical service network. SONET overhead includes error-check capacity, byte network survivability, range and clear set of management messages.
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